As Europe transitions away from coal-fired power plants, there is indecision regarding the fate of the retiring sites. This paper tests the feasibility of an alternative to consider: Carnot Batteries. Refurbishing existing power plants has several advantages. Components can be put to a new purpose. The...

The decrease in generation costs of renewable energy, combined with advances in electrolyser technologies, suggest that green hydrogen production may be a viable option in the ongoing energy transition. Yet, a green hydrogen economy requires not only production solutions but also storage options, which...

Heat pumps effectively support electrification and reduce energy consumption associated with building heating and cooling. Air-source heat pumps (ASHP) use the ambient air as a thermal source or sink for the heat pump (HP). ASHPs are the most common form of HP system in Canadian residential buildings...

The paper describes results of the theoretical and experimental investigation and the modeling of a 5 kW and 15 kWh vanadium redox flow battery system (VRFBS). The first part of the paper presents the dependence of the voltage-current characteristics on state of charge (SOC), temperature, and electrolyte...

This study examines the potential of energy arbitrage in the German electricity market as a way to increase the return on investment of battery storage technologies. The main goal is to develop and estimate the performance of automated arbitrage strategies for households using Tesla Powerwall energy...

The paper presents current research results of the HYBAT project, in which a hybrid lithium-ion battery storage solution is being developed for three types of application: self-consumption optimization in industry and commerce, capacity-firming in a renewable energy park and buffer storage for electric...

This study consists of evaluating the impact of radial-fins’ configurations on natural convection in liquid PCM and on the thermal performances of a vertical shell-and-tube latent heat thermal energy storage system. The design parameters tested are the fin number for a given tube length, the fins’ length...

The problem of seasonal energy storage, where excess renewable energy in the summer months is stored to cater for the winter season, is an active topic being researched [1, 2]. The solution being proposed in this paper targets residential homes, and is the result of the development of a microCHP with...

The study presents an integrated power generation system fired by dual-fuel (syngas from solid wastes and natural gas) with a carbon capture technology to minimize greenhouse gas emissions from power plants and landfills. This study is vital because the upstream power sector’s decarbonisation is necessary...

Large-scale deployment of local renewable energy sources (RES), coupled with demand-side response (DSR), is viewed as a critical strategy for improved energy security on geographic islands. This study, conducted as part of the Horizon 2020 “REACT” Project, focuses on the case-study island of Inishmore,...

The glass industry is facing increased challenges regarding climate protection targets and rising energy costs. The integration of renewable energy including conversion and storage is a key for both challenges in this energy-intensive industrial sector, which has been mainly relying on fossil gas so...

Recent research has shown that model predictive control (MPC) is a practical tool for the realization of an intelligent single- or multi-use energy management for both single and hybrid energy storage systems. Based on a system model and forecasts of external influences, such a controller will find the...

With decreasing prices of batteries, business cases of electric storage systems reach profitability in commercial applications. However, for commercial storage systems to become economically attractive, many studies indicate that different use cases both behind and in front of the meter must be addressed...

This contribution introduces an energy management concept for multi-use applications of PV battery storage systems based on reinforcement learning (RL). The approach uses the state-of-the-art Proximal Policy Optimization algorithm in combination with recurrent Long Short-Term Memory networks to derive...

An energy system transformation is mandatory to reach a climate-neutral energy system. Several challenges within this transformation process have to be overcome. Due to the increasing sector coupling and renewable energy power plants on a decentralised level, new challenges arise. Photovoltaic systems,...

With the increasing expansion of renewable energies in Germany, the temporary electricity surplus is rising and with it the need for large-scale energy storage. In this research, a systematic comparison of different concepts for large-scale storage of electrical energy is carried out based on technical...

Various industrial processes need hydrogen (e.g. steel production), which is commonly produced by fossil energy sources and causes a high amount of greenhouse gases. Hydrogen made of sustainably generated electrical power with the Power-to-gas technology (PtG) can substitute fossil-based hydrogen. ...

Sorption heat storage is expected to play an important role in future thermal energy systems, particularly in buildings and industrial processes. For optimal operation, it is important to control the parameters of heat storage systems, such as the state-of-charge. In this study, we show the possibility...

Building sector consumes about 40% of the global energy consumption and emits over 30% of the global energy-related CO2 emissions. It is one of the most resource-intensive sectors and the main contributor of the environmental emissions. Additionally, the amount of greenhouse gas emissions is increasing...

When batteries used in electric vehicles reach the end of their useful life in this application, they still have a high potential for reuse in other less demanding applications regarding power and cycling, such as stationary energy storage systems with renewable energy. This concept is called second-life....

Aluminum die casting is an important industrial process and due to melting very energy intensive. Currently, there is a lot of unused waste heat from moulding and cooling in the casting cell. This represents the source of waste heat utilization in this paper. A preheating furnace act as a proper and...

Battery storage systems are a crucial factor for the decarbonization of energy systems, to balance the fluctuating energy generation of renewable energy sources. However, some battery types have disadvantages regarding their environmental impact, due to their material composition. Recently, sodium-nickel-chloride...

Grid-connected Energy Storage Systems (ESS) are vital for transforming the current energy sector. Lithium-Ion Battery (LIB) technology is presently the most popular form of ESS, especially because of its fast response capability, efficiency, and reducing market prices, but is not always preferred for...

Ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets and the currently surging energy prices pose significant challenges for the chemical industry. In this paper, the integration of molten salt thermal energy storage into the chemical site utility infrastructure is proposed to enable decarbonized and cost-effective...

Battery systems are used in a wide range of safety-relevant applications, such as electric vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles and home storage systems. Safety, reliability and availability of the battery system therefore play a key role. In addition, the useful service lifetime of the batteries determines...

The aim of this study is to design and shape optimization of flywheel rotor with different combinations of diameter and height with constant rotational speed, energy storage capacity and material properties. Shape optimization was performed for three different shapes to find the most suitable shape for...

Prosumer households with photovoltaic systems face the problem of occasionally generating electricity that cannot be used within the house but must be fed into the electricity grid. This is not desired since with changing policies in Germany, the feed-in tariff has been reduced considerably and the cost...

This work outlines an approach to the optimal design optimization of a photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage system and its integration into the sector-integrated energy system of a logistics company’s facilities. Another major objective is the optimized integration of refrigerated trailers (reefers)...

The current path towards the reduction of fossil-based energy carriers in District Heating systems involves an increasing use of renewable energy sources. In this perspective, the use of efficient thermal energy storage (TES) systems represents an important solution to allow a wider diversification and...

Photovoltaic power systems and mini-grids with energy storage in form of electrochemical batteries are becoming more widespread and are playing an increasingly important role in energy supply. By design, photovoltaic-based power systems often generate a surplus of electrical energy during favourable...

To stop global warming, all sectors must become climate neutral. To reach this aim energy use must be reduced, efficiency must be increased and the remaining energy demand must be covered by renewables. This 100 per cent renewables supply will lead to a regular and cyclic energy over supply. However...

The paper describes a novel adaptive fuzzy logic controller based energy management concept (A-FLC-EM) for a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) hybrid system with battery and hydrogen storage path. The reference application is a single family home. The basic idea is to switch and optimally adjust the energy...

Thermal storages can contribute to decarbonization in storing energy of fluctuating renewables and waste heat of industrial processes by decoupling supply and demand. A great opportunity to decrease the cost of high temperature storage is given by single tank thermocline storage systems, where large...

The glass industry is part of Germany’s energy-intensive industry. Today, mostly fossil energy carriers are used to produce the high temperatures needed, e.g., to melt the raw materials. One option to push defossilisation is the use of green hydrogen in the furnace. The strictest requirements regarding...

Because of the renewable energy’s weather dependence (e.g. wind, solar) as well as the normally mismatched load profile of energy consumption, the deployment of energy storages in Microgrid system is mandatory for an autarky. The Power-to-X (PtX) technology with Hydrogen or Synthetic gas will be one...

A prototype of an industrial PCM heat storage has been built and tested. The module is designed for use in an industrial steam system. The module has a storage capacity of 4 kWh (14 MJ) and a power of about 8 kW, allowing for charge and discharge times of 30 min. As PCM, adipic acid has been used (melting...