Coastal Environment and Ancient Tomb Damage: A Case Study of The Tomb of the King and Hadat Banggae at Majene West Sulawesi Indonesia
- DOI
- 10.2991/assehr.k.220408.066How to use a DOI?
- Keywords
- ancient tombs; conservation; lychens; bryopsida; Majene
- Abstract
The Hadat Banggae Kings Tomb Complex contains 480 ancient tombs. These ancient tombs have been mixed with new tombs, most recently in 1985 the addition of new tombs was stopped. In general, the technique of making graves that is recognized is the technique of connecting in layers and having supporting poles at each corner and having a stone or wooden headstone. In addition, there is also an antero tomb, which is a monolith stone tomb carved into a square shape. Usually there is a hole for a headstone above it. All types of rock that make up the tombs in the Hadat Banggae ondongan Tomb Complex are divided into two types, namely coarse porous coral and fine porous sedimentary rocks. In addition, some tombs use wood for headstone. Of the total ancient tombs, both with and without limbs, there are 68 graves that use wooden graves. The methods are used like field survey, archaeological data collection is carried out by using archaeological survey techniques such as, measurement, and description of damage and weathering at the site. Interviews are used to collect information from the community about the environment, current activities on the site, especially in the grave, headstone, decoration and layout of the tomb, as well as damage caused by human activities. Biological laboratory analysis is carried out in order to identify weathering that occurs in tombs, both stone and wood. Based on the analysis, it shows that tombs made of wood or stone and are in a shady environment are mostly overgrown by microorganisms in the form of moss such as bryopsida and lichens, but the most are bryopsida with a cover percentage of up to 80 percent. The types of microorganisms that grow in tombs such as bryopsida. Moss / true moss (Bryopsida) is a type of moss that has the most amount. Leaf moss are similar to small plants that grow upright about 10 cm high, and some are up to 40 cm. The leaves are small and scattered around the stem. The moss causes weathering both on rock and wood. When these lower plants dry and peel, the surface of the burial material will also come off. This is very dangerous for archaeological data, especially if moss sticks to or grows on the surface of the tomb which contains ornaments or inscriptions.
- Copyright
- © 2022 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL.
- Open Access
- This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
Cite this article
TY - CONF AU - Khadijah Thahir Muda AU - Yusriana Yusriana AU - Nur Ihsan D. AU - Erwin U. Saraka AU - Muhammad Nur Zulfikar AU - Destania Destania PY - 2022 DA - 2022/04/27 TI - Coastal Environment and Ancient Tomb Damage: A Case Study of The Tomb of the King and Hadat Banggae at Majene West Sulawesi Indonesia BT - Proceedings of the 9th Asbam International Conference (Archeology, History, & Culture In The Nature of Malay) (ASBAM 2021) PB - Atlantis Press SP - 473 EP - 479 SN - 2352-5398 UR - https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220408.066 DO - 10.2991/assehr.k.220408.066 ID - Muda2022 ER -