Securitization of Migration and Kafala System Towards Indonesian Female Migrant Domestic Workers in the Gulf Countries

DOI

10.2991/978-2-494069-65-7_72How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Securitization; Migration; Indonesia; Female Domestic Worker; The Gulf countries

Abstract

This article aims to shed light on the securitization elements practiced by migrant exporting countries in response to the Kafala system of major Middle East recipient countries addressed to foreign female domestic workers. The existing studies have inferred that the Kafala is a form of securitization. However, those works have little attention to other securitization of migration favored by sending countries. The receiving countries preserve the Kafala to protect their citizen from migrant workers. The system requires a sponsor who initially scrutinizes the workers. Those sponsors, who are employers the most, have frequently kept their passports and related official documents to ensure their safety and the compliance of their workers. This article investigates the securitizing actors, the referent objects, and the audience. The collected data for this paper are mainly from the online database. Data analysis employs word cloud, matrix, and crosstab analysis of the Nvivo 12 + software. The article argues that the securitizing actors of sending migrant countries are the interest groups; the referent objects are human life and dignity; the audience is individuals, groups, or institutions that are active and able to support formally and morally.

Copyright

© 2022 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Download article (PDF)

TY  - CONF
AU  - Muhammad Zahrul Anam
AU  - Ali Maksum
AU  - Ali Musa Harahap
AU  - Maharani Alifah Dhiya Rahmadhanitya
AU  - Muhammad Fariz Abdillah
PY  - 2022
DA  - 2022/12/24
TI  - Securitization of Migration and Kafala System Towards Indonesian Female Migrant Domestic Workers in the Gulf Countries
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Innovation on Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences (ICOSI-HESS 2022)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 914
EP  - 933
SN  - 2352-5398
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-65-7_72
DO  - 10.2991/978-2-494069-65-7_72
ID  - Anam2022
ER  -