Cigarette and Waterpipe Smoking are Associated with the Risk of Stroke in Lebanon

Maya El-Hajj; Pascale Salameh; Samar Rachidi; Amal Al-Hajje; Hassan Hosseini

doi:10.2991/jegh.k.181231.002

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Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2019, Pages 62 - 70

Cigarette and Waterpipe Smoking are Associated with the Risk of Stroke in Lebanon

Authors

Maya El-Hajj¹^{, 2}^{, *}, Pascale Salameh¹, Samar Rachidi¹, Amal Al-Hajje¹, Hassan Hosseini²^{, 3}

¹Clinical and Epidemiological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon

²Department of Neurology, UMR 955, IMRM, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France

³Department of Neurology, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, UPEC, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Créteil, France

^*Corresponding author. Email: hajj_maya@hotmail.com

Corresponding Author

Maya El-Hajj

Received 10 December 2017, Accepted 5 April 2018, Available Online 27 March 2019.

DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.181231.002 How to use a DOI?
Keywords: Smoking; stroke; Lebanon; case-control study; epidemiology
Abstract: Cigarette and waterpipe (shisha and hookah) smoking are main public health concerns in Lebanon. We aim to assess the relationship between smoking and stroke, mainly waterpipe smoking, to better apply preventive and therapeutic interventions. A case-control study was conducted at five tertiary private and governmental hospitals in Lebanon between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2016, using a standardized questionnaire. A stepwise ascending logistic regression was conducted. Odds ratio through 95% confidence interval (CI) expressed the degree of association among variables. In total, 650 patients were involved in the study with 205 stroke cases and 445 stroke-free normal individuals considered as controls. The risk of stroke was found to increase significantly among current cigarette smokers; total stroke Odds ratio (OR) = 2.79 (95% CI, 1.72–4.54), ischemic stroke OR = 2.59 (95% CI, 1.46–4.59), and hemorrhagic stroke OR = 4.25 (95% CI, 1.33–13.59). The risk of total and ischemic stroke was also found to increase significantly among current waterpipe smokers; OR 4.99 (95% CI, 2.07–11.99) and 6.25 (95% CI, 2.26–17.39), respectively. Moreover, waterpipe smoking was observed to have a stronger association with stroke in current cigarette smokers than non-smokers. Waterpipe smoking was found to be associated with stroke in this study. Moreover, this association is stronger among cigarette smokers, demonstrating a quantitative interaction between waterpipe and cigarette smoking.
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

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Journal: Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
Volume-Issue: 9 - 1
Pages: 62 - 70
Publication Date: 2019/03/27
ISSN (Online): 2210-6014
ISSN (Print): 2210-6006
DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.181231.002 How to use a DOI?
Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

Cite this article

ris enw bib

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maya El-Hajj
AU  - Pascale Salameh
AU  - Samar Rachidi
AU  - Amal Al-Hajje
AU  - Hassan Hosseini
PY  - 2019
DA  - 2019/03/27
TI  - Cigarette and Waterpipe Smoking are Associated with the Risk of Stroke in Lebanon
JO  - Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
SP  - 62
EP  - 70
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
SN  - 2210-6014
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.181231.002
DO  - 10.2991/jegh.k.181231.002
ID  - El-Hajj2019
ER  -

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