Proceedings of the International Renewable Energy Storage and Systems Conference (IRES 2023)

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Dispatch optimization of battery energy storage systems considering degradation effects and capacity inhomogeneities in second life batteries

Authors
Melina Graner1, 2, *, Vivek Teja Tanjavooru2, Andreas Jossen1, Holger Hesse2
1Technical University of Munich, School of Engineering and Design, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Chair for Electrical Energy Storage Technology, Munich, Germany
2Kempten University of Applied Sciences, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Energy and Propulsion Technology (IEAT), Kempten, Germany
*Corresponding author. Email: melina.graner@hs-kempten.de
Corresponding Author
Melina Graner
Available Online 11 July 2024.
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-455-6_4How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Battery System; Stationary Energy Storage; Non-Linear Optimization; Second Life; Capacity Loss; State of Health
Abstract

The performance of battery energy storage systems (BESS) along their lifetime is significantly influenced by their degradation. The rate of degradation depends on stress factors such as the state of charge, charge-discharge rate, and depth of cycle, but evolves differently for every individual battery. Batteries with differences in capacity and or state of health may diverge further apart when cycled evenly causing further inhomogeneities. BESS can also consist of heterogeneous sub-units if second life batteries with reduced capacity and or state of health are integrated in the system. In order to minimize the overall system aging effects those variances can be balanced with an according operation strategy. This contribution presents a model predictive control (MPC) framework that helps to solve optimization problems regarding the power split within heterogeneous BESS-models. An exemplary 2-string battery model is used to represent batteries with different characteristics and it contains cycle and calendar aging mechanisms. In our case one of the strings is preaged. The MPC framework combines aging estimation and operation optimization by using a commercial solver. It iterates over a given profile and predicts the optimal power split between the heterogeneous strings. By defining the system’s total minimal capacity loss as an objective function, the optimizer achieves to minimize the BESS-model’s overall capacity loss during operation. The simulation reveals that while the new string ages by 1.23 %, the preaged string will lose 0.258 % state of health within the 21-day timeframe investigated.

Copyright
© 2024 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the International Renewable Energy Storage and Systems Conference (IRES 2023)
Series
Atlantis Highlights in Engineering
Publication Date
11 July 2024
ISBN
10.2991/978-94-6463-455-6_4
ISSN
2589-4943
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-455-6_4How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2024 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Melina Graner
AU  - Vivek Teja Tanjavooru
AU  - Andreas Jossen
AU  - Holger Hesse
PY  - 2024
DA  - 2024/07/11
TI  - Dispatch optimization of battery energy storage systems considering degradation effects and capacity inhomogeneities in second life batteries
BT  - Proceedings of the International Renewable Energy Storage and Systems Conference (IRES 2023)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 20
EP  - 27
SN  - 2589-4943
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-455-6_4
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-455-6_4
ID  - Graner2024
ER  -