Chemical Modifications of Torrefied Palm Kernel Shell Using COMB Method

DOI

10.2991/aer.k.210603.040How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Counter Flow Multi-Baffle, Liquid Smoke, Palm Kernel Shell, Torrefaction

Abstract

Torrefaction is a thermochemical process to improve the properties of biomass as a solid fuel. In addition to solid fuel, the torrefaction process also produces a by-product in the form of liquid smoke from condensation results. In this study, an analysis of lignocellulose and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) on torrefied palm kernel shells with a particle size of 0.5 cm using the COMB (Counter Flow Multi-Baffle) reactor at a temperature of 250 oC and a heat flow rate of 4 cm3/min. Liquid smoke was analyzed using GC-MS. Results showed that after torrefaction, hemicellulose decreased from 20.6% to 8.52%, cellulose 38.40% to 22.18%, and lignin from 20.75% to 18.36%. The results of lignocellulose analysis were supported by FTIR analysis showing that the torrefaction temperature of 250 oC did not change the structure of lignocelluloses but reduced the content of lignocellulose. The GC-MS analysis of liquid smoke showed that volatile organic compounds (VOC) resulted from the torrefaction process was composed of acetic acid (62.16%), alkane (24.24%), phenol (10.41%), alcoholic compounds other than phenol (1.24%) and polysaccharides (1.95%). The levels of acetic acid, aldehyde, and phenol that were dominant in the condensate imply that the lignocellulose component, which was dominantly degraded during torrefaction at 250 oC were hemicellulose, cellulose followed by lignin.

Copyright

© 2021, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press.

Open Access

This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

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TY  - CONF
AU  - N Rumbang
AU  - Karelius
AU  - M Dirgantara
AU  - K G Suastika
PY  - 2021
DA  - 2021/06/04
TI  - Chemical Modifications of Torrefied Palm Kernel Shell Using COMB Method
BT  - Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Biomass (ICSB 2019)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 225
EP  - 229
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.210603.040
DO  - 10.2991/aer.k.210603.040
ID  - Rumbang2021
ER  -