Saliva Biofluid: Transmission Source and Potential Diagnostic Specimens for Covid-19 – A Review
- DOI
- 10.2991/ahsr.k.210115.040How to use a DOI?
- Keywords
- Covid-19, saliva, salivary diagnostic, SARS-CoV-2, transmission, viral load
- Abstract
Covid-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China, due to the case of pneumonia. This virus spread through droplets from humans with or without symptoms. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), the receptor for Covid-19, facilitates the viral spike (S) protein entry to the target cells. This virus is reported to accumulate in nasal, oral, and oropharyngeal and will further accumulate in the lungs. The number of ACE-2 receptors in salivary glands is higher than those expressed in the lungs. It was suggested that the salivary gland is a reservoir for Covid-19, especially in asymptomatic patients. ACE-2 receptors are also highly enriched on the tongue, gingiva, and the floor of the mouth. Viral RNA was also detected in saliva at high titers. The diagnosis of Covid-19 was proved using a nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab. Sampling specimens requires direct contact between medical personnel and patients; thereby, it can facilitate healthcare-associated infections. Specimens collected from this area causes discomfort for the patient and may cause a risk of bleeding. In addition, those swab specimens are not desirable for monitoring the viral load of Covid-19. In contrast, taking saliva specimens is easier to carry out by patients, as well as more comfortable and non-invasive. Thereby, it can potentially reduce the risk of transmission to medical personnel. Collected information suggested that saliva is a great potential candidate for Covid-19 diagnosis and monitoring. This review aims to collect information on the potential of saliva as a diagnostic tool for Covid-19 and the impact of its transmission.
- Copyright
- © 2021, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press.
- Open Access
- This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Cite this article
TY - CONF AU - Dian Yosi Arinawati PY - 2021 DA - 2021/01/16 TI - Saliva Biofluid: Transmission Source and Potential Diagnostic Specimens for Covid-19 – A Review BT - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2020–Health Science and Nursing (ICoSIHSN 2020) PB - Atlantis Press SP - 190 EP - 195 SN - 2468-5739 UR - https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.210115.040 DO - 10.2991/ahsr.k.210115.040 ID - Arinawati2021 ER -