The Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Fresh Milk and Its Possible Effects to Public Health

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-112-8_49How to use a DOI?

Keywords

aflatoxin M1; milk; public health; immunosuppressive

Abstract

Aflatoxins are group of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus sp., which is commonly found in agricultural products. Aflatoxins have carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive properties for humans and animals. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic type of aflatoxins in nature compared to the others, such as AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hydroxylated product of AFB, which commonly occurs in milk. Although AFM1 toxicity is lower than AFB1, the risks have been a global concern, particularly for children. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of AFM1 in fresh milk and to evaluate the risks to public health. Fresh milk samples (n = 52) were collected from Magelang and Wonosobo, Central Java. Samples were extracted and cleaned up on SPE cartridges. The AFM1 was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a reversed-phase C18 column under fluorescence detection. The results indicated that the samples contained AFM1 and AFM2 metabolites, as well as AFB1 as the parent compound. AFM1 was detected in 38 samples out of 52 samples (73.1%) and 26 of the positive samples (68.4%) were above the maximum residue limit regulated by FAO (0.5 ng/mL). The concentration of AFM1 in the positive samples ranged between 0.003 ng/mL to 34.202 ng/mL, with an average of 5.061 ng/mL. Apart from AFM1, 2 samples contained AFM2 metabolites (3.8%) and 22 samples contained AFB1 (42.3%) as the parent compound with averaged concentrations of 0.267 ng/mL and 0.032 ng/mL, respectively. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that most of the samples were contaminated by AFM1 and posed health risks to humans, especially children who are more susceptible to aflatoxin toxicity. It is also a concern that the immunosuppressive properties of AFM1 and AFB1 may lead to an increase in sensitivity to infectious diseases.

Copyright

© 2023 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Romsyah Maryam
AU  - Prima M. Widiyanti
AU  - Dalilah Dalilah
PY  - 2023
DA  - 2023/03/01
TI  - The Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Fresh Milk and Its Possible Effects to Public Health
BT  - Proceedings of the 1st International Conference for Health Research – BRIN (ICHR 2022)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 541
EP  - 549
SN  - 2468-5739
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-112-8_49
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-112-8_49
ID  - Maryam2023
ER  -