All of the articles in this proceedings volume have been presented at the 4th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology – EST 2023 during 10-11 August 2023 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. These articles have been peer-reviewed by the members of the Scientific Committee and approved by...

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) released from permafrost regions may have positive feedback on climate change, but there is much uncertainty about additional warming from the permafrost carbon cycle. One of the main reasons for this uncertainty is that the observation data for large-scale GHG fluxes are sparse,...

Driven by global warming, permafrost degradation has significant implications for the global climate system, especially in its potential to alter the carbon budget and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. This study seeks to clarify the nexus between permafrost degradation and carbon budget dynamics...

Hail is a solid precipitation that falls from cumulonimbus clouds. Hail is formed by moving updraft and downdraft through thick layers of different temperature and humidity inside the cumulonimbus cloud, and when it falls, it causes a strong impact on the surface in direct relation to the acceleration...

In this study, our objective was to determine key ecosystem services of Khukhmorit soum that benefit locals both directly and indirectly, and estimate the value. We identified key services based on Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) categories. Ecosystem services are divided into 4 groups: provisioning,...

Understanding water discharge processes in mountainous areas with large amounts of precipitation and high hydraulic gradients is important for disaster prevention and water resource management. In recent years, it has become clear that mountain bodies themselves have water storage functions in addition...

The Sharyn Gol River Basin in the central region of Mongolia is one of the economically important areas for agriculture, animal husbandry and mining. Due to its favourable natural condition and advantageous geographical location, the Sharyn Gol River Basin is under increased pressure from human activities....

Permafrost thaws accelerate the rates of carbon released by the soil into the atmosphere and cause significant positive climate-change feedback. We selected Munkhkhairkhan mountain as the study area. The main purpose of this study is to estimate GHG emissions and to calculate the emission factor (EF)...

Psychrophilic yeasts with unique properties have recently become a new source of biologically active products. However, psychrophilic microorganisms, including yeasts that inhabit Mongolian permafrost, are practically unknown. Therefore, this study was the first attempt to reveal living organisms hidden...

The study described in this article aimed to assess the hydrochemical characteristics and heavy metal pollution index of groundwater in the Gorkhi Terelj of Nalaikh district, located in the northeast part of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. In this study, we have used 91 groundwater samples, which were collected...

Desertification is recognised as land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry subhumid regions, typically resulting from climatic fluctuations and human activities, and essentially translates to a reduction in land productivity. Therefore, dynamic shifts in vegetation cover can be viewed as indicators...

The main purpose of this study is to clarify the long-term changes in vegetation and the relationship between NDVI and climate parameters in three different areas of the permafrost zones of Mongolia. We selected a total of 135 study sites in Munkhkhairkhan, Ulaanbaatar, and Bayanzurkh in the permafrost...

This study presented the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the “Songinohairkhan district”. We collected 111 samples from deep and dug wells in 2020 and major ions and pollution indicators were analyzed in the laboratory, and calculated the Water Quality Indices (WQI). The most dominant...

The problem of regulating Lake Baikal and the negative impact of water has been discussed since the time when the Irkutsk hydroelectric power station was built (1950). This becomes especially important during periods of prolonged low or high water, because it affects all human activities and changes...

Mongolia is not only a landlocked country located between China and Russia, but also boasts the shortest route between Asia and Europe. The main bridge connecting any country is the axis of transport infrastructure, and the main economic activities such as tourism, foreign trade, exports and imports...

Cement, which can solidify soft soil, not only improves the bearing capacity of poor ground but also contributes to solving various ground environmental issues, including the containment of pollutants. In this regard, the amount of cement added to the soil to achieve the required strength on the construction...

As of 2018, the population of Ulaanbaatar city has reached 1,491 thousand people, which is 387 thousand families due to increased movement from rural areas to urban areas, and around 60% of them belong to Ger areas. This survey included about the people living in the 9, 10, 12 Khoroo territories of the...

The “Belt and Road” is an international cooperation strategy proposed in 2013, which spans the continents of Asia, Europe and Africa, involving more than 140 countries and covering various infrastructure projects, trade networks and economic cooperation. Countries along the “Belt and Road” form a complex,...

As one of the important sectors of tourism, the accommodation industry’s carbon emission has become a hot research topic in emission reduction. This research constructs a research framework from the perspective of the supply chain and analyzes the carbon emissions of China’s tourist hotels including...

The aim of this study is to estimate above-ground biomass (AGB) in the eastern grassland area of Mongolia applying two machine learning methods, such as the support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), and determine the appropriate method by comparing the results. For this purpose, 21 vegetation...

In recent years, the attention of scientists from the arid territories of the world, including countries from Central Asia, has been attracted by the problem of studying and developing halophytes and xerophytes in culture. Among the flora of the Gobi Desert, there are plant species that can function...

Gobi Lakes Valley is located in central Mongolia which is considered to be one of the regions where dust storms occur most frequently in Mongolia. We are planning to clarify both erodibility and erosivity in the valley. To accomplish this objective, we have started field observations of meteorology,...