Nanozymes for Neurodegenerative Diseases

DOI

10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_9How to use a DOI?

Keywords

neurodegenerative diseases; nanozyme; oxidative stress; gold nanoparticles; fullerene; nanoceria; quantum dots

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable diseases that get worse as time passes. These diseases are very heterogeneous in nature but have common characteristics like abnormal deposition of protein, glycation, inflammation in particular areas of the brain, and progressive neuronal loss due to oxidative stress. Among these, oxidative stress alone causes a high level of degeneration of neurons. To reduce oxidative stress, natural antioxidants are used but they have some drawbacks like instability, high cost and low reusability. To overcome this, nanozymes are introduced and we have emphasized on major nanozymes whose antioxidant capability has been proven which are gold nanozymes, fullerene, nanoceria, and quantum dots. Gold nanoparticles and their conjugates with other molecules can mimic the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase which decrease the amount of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals in cells. Gold Nanozyme treatment reduces the oxidative stress, nitrite, and sulfhydryl levels in the brain and also rectifies the superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase activity levels. Fullerenols has shown superoxide dismutase activity which was 268 times more effective than mannitol and 37 times more effective than Vitamin E for lipid radicals. Nanoceria has the ability to mimic Superoxide Dismutase as well as catalase activity, can also detoxify peroxynitrite. Quantum dots (QDs) like Graphene Oxide QDs can scavenge the reactive oxygen species and also show indirect activity which alleviates the pathogenesis of the disease. Thus, a nanozyme can be used as an efficient nanomedicine if it is tailored to possess high catalytic activity while eliminating all complications.

Copyright

© 2023 The Author(s)

Open Access

Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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TY  - CONF
AU  - Divyansh Yadav
AU  - Seema Nara
PY  - 2022
DA  - 2022/12/14
TI  - Nanozymes for Neurodegenerative Diseases
BT  - Proceedings of the conference BioSangam 2022: Emerging trends in Biotechnology (BIOSANGAM 2022)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 77
EP  - 95
SN  - 2468-5747
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_9
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_9
ID  - Yadav2022
ER  -