Sun-to-Heel Energy Efficiency of Transportation Fuels
- DOI
- 10.2991/apte-18.2019.24How to use a DOI?
- Keywords
- life cycle analysis, transport energy, efficiency, well-to-wheel, sun-to-heel
- Abstract
Life cycle analysis (LCA) is a technique to assess the environmental impact of a product or service throughout its life cycle and is used commonly to evaluate transport decisions at the planning level. Well-to-Wheel (WtW) is a subset of LCA that focuses on the efficiency of transport fuels by measuring fuel usage, greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants for a given pathway from the oil wells to the wheels of a vehicle being studied. The method has been commonly used to evaluate environmentally-friendly transport projects or applications. However, such methods do not consider the first and last mile connection and hence could not be adopted for planning-related transport applications (for example, transit-oriented development). This paper proposes a new approach of LCA – sun-to-heel (StH) method of LCA where a holistic system wide perspective based on trips, including first and last mile connections are considered during the environmental impact assessment of a transport product or service. Using secondary data collected from various transport applications, it can be shown that the StH method is a much more comprehensive approach in evaluating environmental impact of transit-friendly transportation innovations as compared to the WtW method
- Copyright
- © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press.
- Open Access
- This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Cite this article
TY - CONF AU - Leo Jia AU - Ong Ghim PY - 2019/10 DA - 2019/10 TI - Sun-to-Heel Energy Efficiency of Transportation Fuels BT - Proceedings of the 11th Asia Pacific Transportation and the Environment Conference (APTE 2018) PB - Atlantis Press SP - 191 EP - 196 SN - 2352-5401 UR - https://doi.org/10.2991/apte-18.2019.24 DO - 10.2991/apte-18.2019.24 ID - Jia2019/10 ER -