Innovative Technologies of Cultivation of Crops in the Era of the Digital Economy

DOI

10.2991/agrosmart-18.2018.1How to use a DOI?

Keywords

innovative technologies, satellite navigation systems, digitization of fields, elementary areas, differentiated application of mineral fertilizers in off - line mode, precision agriculture

Abstract

Based on long-term stationary and field experiments (1977-2017), the optimal parameters of soil fertility (gray forest, dark gray forest, leached chernozem) were established. The highest economically and ecologically justified productivity of agrocenoses is obtained when the density of addition for cereals is 1.2 g / cm3, the content of productive moisture in the meter layer during the growing season is 120-150 mm or 75% Field Capacity, the content of agronomically valuable aggregates (0.25 – 10 mm in diameter) – 65 – 70%, their water resistance – 60 – 65%, the content of N-NO3 15-20 mg / kg of soil, P2O5, K2O – 20 mg / kg and the content of humus in the layer 0 – 30 cm is 8 – 10%. To archive the rational use of soil fertility, the system of using space systems when performing technological operations of cultivation of agricultural crops is proposed. Digitization of the fields reflected their real configuration and area size, which differed by 10 - 28% with the previous maps. Formed agrochemical cartograms for elementary areas of the field and differentiated application of mineral fertilizers in off-line mode stabilized the nutrient regime of leached chernozem. Savings of fertilizers in differentiated application ranged from 14 to 56%, and the profitability of grain production exceeded the traditional (average rate over the entire field) method of fertilizer application by 9–11%. Parallel movement of the unit across the field reduces reseeding by 10,000 hectares to 550 hectares, reduces overspending of seeds to 130 tons, fertilizers to 80 tons, and fuel to 3850 liters. The inclusion of additional options in accordance with the software in the on-board navigation computer and the technical solution for preserving the rate of fertilizers in additional fertilization at different speed increases the productivity by 2 times or more and ensures the introduction of the estimated dose of mineral fertilizers. Disabling the nozzles when spraying crops with plant protection products in floors, regulating the supply pressure of the spray material, depending on the speed of movement, eliminates the burn of cultivated plants and increases productivity up to 37%.

Copyright

© 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press.

Open Access

This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

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TY  - CONF
AU  - N.V. Abramov
AU  - S.A. Semizorov
PY  - 2018/12
DA  - 2018/12
TI  - Innovative Technologies of Cultivation of Crops in the Era of the Digital Economy
BT  - International scientific and practical conference "AgroSMART - Smart solutions for agriculture" (AgroSMART 2018)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 2352-5401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/agrosmart-18.2018.1
DO  - 10.2991/agrosmart-18.2018.1
ID  - Abramov2018/12
ER  -