Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health

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Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2015, Pages 405 - 407

Association of lipoprotein lipase gene with coronary heart disease in Sudanese population

Authors
Muzamil M. Abdel Hamidb, Safa Ahmedb, Awatif Salahe, Etayeb M.A. Tyrabb, Lemya M. Yahiac, Elbagire A. Elbashird, Hassan H. Musaa, *, hassanhm@uofk.edu
aFaculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Sudan
bInstitute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan
cFaculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, National Ribat University, Sudan
dSudan Heart Center, Khartoum, Sudan
eFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Al Neelain University, Sudan
*Corresponding author.
Corresponding Author
Hassan H. Musahassanhm@uofk.edu
Received 30 September 2014, Revised 14 April 2015, Accepted 19 April 2015, Available Online 27 May 2015.
DOI
10.1016/j.jegh.2015.04.007How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Risk factors; Lipid profile; LPL gene; Coronary heart disease; Sudan
Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is stabilizing in high-income countries and has continued to rise in low-to-middle-income countries. Association of lipid profile with lipoprotein lipase gene was studied in case and control subject. The family history, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and alcohol consumption were the most risk factors for early-onset of coronary heart disease (CHD). Sudanese patients had significantly (P < 0.05) lower TC and LDL-C levels compared to controls. Allele frequency of LPL D9N, N291S and S447X carrier genotype was 4.2%, 30.7% and 7.1%, respectively. We conclude that lipoprotein lipase polymorphism was not associated with the incidence of CHD in Sudan.

Copyright
© 2015 Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Open Access
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

1. Introduction

LPL gene, Asp9Asn, Asn291Ser, and S447X are the most important mutations described because of their greater frequency and influence on susceptibility to atherosclerosis [1]. The LPL D9N and LPL N291S variants have been associated with an adverse lipid profile, but the association with cardiovascular disease has been less consistent [2]. D9N and N291S have been associated in a meta-analysis with an increase in triglycerides of 20% and 31%, respectively [3], and S447X was associated with reduced plasma triglyceride and increasing HDL-C [2]. The study aimed to determine risk factors and the association of lipid profiles with LPL gene in patients with coronary artery disease and healthy Sudanese population.

2. Materials and Methods

This case control study was designed to study risk factors, lipid profile in CHD patients and their association with lipoprotein lipase gene in Sudan. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Detailed demographic and risk factors for CVD were collected using a structured questionnaire.

Lipids were analyzed by MINDRAY BS-200 analyzer (MINDRAY, Shenzhen, China). Genomic DNA was extracted from blood by kits and PCR-RFLP was applied to detect D9N, N291 and S447X lipoprotein lipase genotype, using TaqI, RsaI and Mnl1 restriction enzyme, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v.18.

3. Results and Discussion

Among the population 53.1% were male, 22% had family history of CHD, 42.6% hypertension, 41.6% diabetes, 18.2% smoking and 5.3% alcohol. The low smoking and alcohol consumption may be due to cultural denial of smoking and alcohol in our community especially among females [4]. Patients show lower TC and LDL-C levels compared to controls. African ancestry was significantly associated with decreased TC, LDL and triglycerides [4].

Allele frequency of LPL D9N, N291S and S447X carrier was 4.2%, 30.7% and 7.1%, respectively (Table 1). The carrier of frequency of N291S was ranging from 2% to 5% in different populations [5]. While for S447X was 18% in patients with CAD and 23% in the control [1]. In Tunisian population the frequency of p.Asp9Asn variation was 10.37% in CAD patients versus 3.66% in controls, and for p.Ser447X was 8.8% in CAD patients versus 13.7% in controls [2]. No significant (P < 0.05) association in lipid profiles was found between carriers (patient) and non-carriers (control) of D9N, N291S and S447X genotype (Table 1). D9N and N291S variants were associated with higher plasma TG [3]. The S447X variant was associated with lower TG and higher HDL, and lower risk of CHD [2]. In healthy Tunisian population, heterozygote carriers of the p.Asp9Asn substitution had a significant increase of total cholesterol and a decrease of HDL [2].

Items D9N N291S S447X
Genotype frequency Carrier n (%) Non-carrier n (%) P value Carrier n (%) Non-carrier n (%) P value Carrier n (%) Non-carrier n (%) P value
Case 3(0.05) 62(0.95) 22(0.30) 51(0.67) 8(0.15) 46(0.85)
Control 3(0.04) 75(0.96) 17(0.32) 37(0.69) 8(0.14) 51(0.86)
All 6(0.04) 137(0.96) 39(0.31) 88(0.69) 16(0.14) 97(0.86)
Allele frequency (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
Case 0.05 0.95 0.30 0.70 0.07 0.93
Control 0.04 0.96 0.32 0.69 0.07 0.93
All 0.04 0.96 0.31 0.69 0.07 0.93
Lipid Carrier (n = 2) Non-carrier (n = 49) P value Carrier (n = 14) Non-carrier (n = 26) P value Carrier (n = 5) Non-carrier (n = 36) P value
TC 133.50 ± 76.74 254.51 ± 15.50 0.129 173.43 ± 14.59 194.35 ± 10.70 0.255 173.80 ± 45.65 254.97 ± 17.01 0.104
TG 230.00 ± 115.19 300.47 ± 23.27 0.551 240.64 ± 36.34 229.19 ± 26.66 0.801 266.80 ± 71.65 283.19 ± 26.70 0.831
LDL 40.10 ± 69.89 146.50 ± 14.12 0.142 76.79 ± 12.77 105.05 ± 9.37 0.083 77.38 ± 39.53 152.19 ± 14.73 0.084
HDL 47.65 ± 26.13 48.83 ± 5.28 0.965 48.51 ± 4.13 41.65 ± 3.03 0.188 43.06 ± 18.55 47.39 ± 6.91 0.828
VLDL 46.00 ± 22.41 60.91 ± 4.53 0.517 48.13 ± 7.00 48.22 ± 5.14 0.992 53.36 ± 14.03 57.67 ± 5.23 0.775

The term carrier is used to refer to the sum of both homozygote and heterozygote for those polymorphisms. D9N G > A, N291S A > G, S447X C > G.

All data shown are means ± SE (mg/dl).

Table 1

Associations of LPL genotypes with lipid profiles in Sudanese patient carriers of D9N, N291S and S447X genotypes compared with non-carrier controls.

4. Conclusion

Heart diseases are prevalent in Sudan and have similar risk factors as elsewhere. The lipoprotein lipase polymorphism was not associated with the incidence of CHD in Sudan.

Conflict of interests

No conflict of interests.

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by grant from the Ministry of Higher Education, Sudan.

References

[1]AA Katia, CMC Strunz, RC Maranhão, et al., The S447X polymorphism of lipoprotein lipase: effect on the incidence of premature coronary disease and on plasma lipids, Arq. Bras. Cardiol, Vol. 88, No. 3, 2007, pp. 267-73.
[2]A Jelassi, I Jguirim, A Slimani, et al., Association between variants of lipoprotein lipase and coronary heart disease in a Tunisian population, Pathol. Biol. (Paris), Vol. 60, No. 3, 2012, pp. 180-4.
<Previous Article In Issue
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Journal
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
Volume-Issue
5 - 4
Pages
405 - 407
Publication Date
2015/05/27
ISSN (Online)
2210-6014
ISSN (Print)
2210-6006
DOI
10.1016/j.jegh.2015.04.007How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2015 Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Open Access
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Cite this article

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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Muzamil M. Abdel Hamid
AU  - Safa Ahmed
AU  - Awatif Salah
AU  - Etayeb M.A. Tyrab
AU  - Lemya M. Yahia
AU  - Elbagire A. Elbashir
AU  - Hassan H. Musa
PY  - 2015
DA  - 2015/05/27
TI  - Association of lipoprotein lipase gene with coronary heart disease in Sudanese population
JO  - Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
SP  - 405
EP  - 407
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
SN  - 2210-6014
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2015.04.007
DO  - 10.1016/j.jegh.2015.04.007
ID  - AbdelHamid2015
ER  -