The role of incretin hormone release on vascular structure and function remains unclear. Hence, in 836 Danish individuals without know diabetes and without antihypertensive treatment, we examined the associations of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) release during a 3-point 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (0, 30, 120 minutes) with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and brachial and central blood pressure. For GLP-1 and GIP, total area under the curve (AUC) reflecting circulating incretin levels, and incremental AUC (iAUC) reflecting the incretin response were calculated and transformed by the base 2 logarithm. Associations were analysed by linear regression adjusting for age and sex, and for heart rate and mean blood pressure in the PWV analyses. Mean age was 55.1 (SD: 7.4) years, and 52% were men. A doubling in iAUC_GLP-1 was associated with a PWV (95% CI) of −0.04 (−0.12;0.04) m/s, and a central systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure (95% CI) of −1.2 (−2.1;−0.3), −0.8 (−1.3;−0.2), and −0.4 (−1.0;0.2) mmHg, respectively. Associations with brachial blood pressure were of similar magnitude as central blood pressure. For AUC_GLP-1, only brachial diastolic blood pressure showed a statistically significant association (−1.0 (95% CI: −1.9;−0.2) mmHg for an AUC_GLP-1 doubling). Besides a positive association between iAUC_GIP and brachial pulse pressure, GIP was not associated with PWV or blood pressure. Although cross-sectional, these results indicate that a high GLP-1 response has a beneficial impact on the vascular function but not on vascular structure, whereas GIP does not affect the vasculature.