P6.08 CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE ARTERIAL SYSTEM COMPARED

DOI

10.1016/j.artres.2009.10.075How to use a DOI?

Abstract

Systolic pressure, P_s, and pulse pressure, PP, are determined by heart and arterial system. We here compare systemic arterial system characterizations alone, and mention their use and limitations (aspects).

1. 1.

   Peripheral resistance, R_p. Required: Mean Pressure and Cardiac Output; Characterization: partial. Aspects: derivation simple; linear.

2. 2.

   Arterial Input Impedance, Z_in. Required: Pressure, P(t), and flow, F(t); Characterization: complete and comprehensive. Interpretation: R_p, Total Arterial compliance, C, Characteristic impedance, Z_c. Aspects: Derivation difficult, data noisy; linearity.

3. 3.

   Wave Transmission

   1. a.

      Aortic Pulse Wave velocity, c, (Foot-foot wave speed). Required: two (uncalibrated) P(t), (flows or diameters); Characterization: (Total) Arterial compliance. Aspects: Derivation simple, Aorta a uniform tube. Carotid-Femoral: not entire aorta; i.e., not total arterial compliance.

   2. b.

      Waveform Analysis. Required: P(t), F(t)+Z_c. Characterization: Amount and timing of reflections. Interpretation: diffuse (peripheral) and distinct reflections. Tube (aorta) with reflection site at end, no phase shift. Phase shift and c, change with age and effects may cancel. Aspects: Only timing and ratio P_backward/P_forward give arterial characterization. Small error Z_c real.

4. 4.

   Lumped Models

   1. a.

      Two-element, Frank’s, Windkessel. Required: P(t) and CO. Many ways to derive C (e.g. RC-time). Interpretation: R_p, and C, see 2. Aspects: No Z_c.

   2. b.

      Three-element Windkessel. Required: P(t) and F(t). Computer fits. Interpretation: Model description of 2, R_p, C, and Z_c. Aspects: Mean P=CO(R_p+R_c) not only R_p.

5. 5.

   Wave Intensity Analysis. Not a characterization of the arterial system alone. Reflections as 3b above.

CONCLUSION: only 2 and 4b characterize the whole arterial system.

Open Access

This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC license.

TY  - JOUR
AU  - N. Westerhof
AU  - B.E. Westerhof
PY  - 2009
DA  - 2009/12/03
TI  - P6.08 CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE ARTERIAL SYSTEM COMPARED
JO  - Artery Research
SP  - 165
EP  - 166
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
SN  - 1876-4401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artres.2009.10.075
DO  - 10.1016/j.artres.2009.10.075
ID  - Westerhof2009
ER  -