Central Blood Pressure in Young Kendo Athletes: Implications of Combined Anaerobic and Strength Training

Authors

Masaki Yoshioka¹, Kaname Tagawa^{1, 2}, Yuriko Tochigi¹, Tomohito Sato¹, Jiyeon Park^{1, †}, Reiko Momma¹, Youngju Choi^{3, 5,} , Jun Sugawara^{4, 5,} , Seiji Maeda^{5, *,}

¹Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan

²Graduate School of Education, Miyagi University of Education, 149, Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan

³Institute of Sport & Art Convergence, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea

⁴Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

⁵Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan

^†

Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan

^*Corresponding author. Email: maeda.seiji.gn@u.tsukuba.ac.jp

DOI

10.2991/artres.k.201225.001How to use a DOI?

Keywords

Central blood pressure; martial art; stroke volume; anaerobic training; resistance training

Abstract

Background: Exercise training-induced adaptation of central Blood Pressure (BP) depends on exercise mode. Kendo, a traditional Japanese martial art, is a unique exercise mode because its training encompasses anaerobic and resistance training components. However, the effects of habitual kendo training on central BP have not been established.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the central BP of high-level kendo athletes and age-matched controls without exercise habits.

Methods: Thirty-six young university kendo athletes (the kendo athlete group) and 29 young sedentary individuals (the control group) participated in this cross-sectional study. Central hemodynamics were estimated from carotid arterial waveforms via a generalized transfer function. Stroke volume was computed from brachial arterial waveforms using the Modelflow method.

Results: Central systolic BP and Central Pulse Pressure (cPP) were higher in the kendo athlete group than in the control group (both, p < 0.01). Central diastolic BP did not differ between the two groups. Stroke Volume Index (SVI; stroke volume adjusted for body surface area) and the maximum rate of aortic pressure rise during systole (dP/dT_max), which reflects left ventricle contractility, were significantly higher in the kendo athlete group than in the control group (p < 0.05), and these parameters showed a significant positive correlation with cPP (SVI: r = 0.34, p < 0.01; dP/dT_max: r = 0.79, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: These results suggest that habitual kendo training may increase central pulse pressure through increases in left ventricular systolic function.

HIGHLIGHTS

• •

  Kendo is ideal for investigating of training adaptation since it induces the characteristics of anaerobic exercise training and resistance training; that is, kendo athletes had both high anaerobic capacity and high muscle strength compared with sedentary controls.

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  In the present study, central blood pressure (central systolic blood pressure and central pulse pressure) was significantly higher in the kendo athlete group than in the control group.

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  Stroke Volume Index (SVI; stroke volume adjusted for body surface area) and the maximum rate of aortic pressure rise during systole (dP/dT_max) but not augmented pressure in the kendo athlete group were also significantly higher than those in the control group.

• •

  In addition, SVI and dP/dT_max showed a significant positive correlation with central pulse pressure.

• •

  These results suggest that combined anaerobic exercise and muscular strength training may increase central blood pressure through increases in left ventricular systolic function.

Copyright

© 2021 The Authors. Publishing services by Atlantis Press International B.V.

Open Access

This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Masaki Yoshioka
AU  - Kaname Tagawa
AU  - Yuriko Tochigi
AU  - Tomohito Sato
AU  - Jiyeon Park
AU  - Reiko Momma
AU  - Youngju Choi
AU  - Jun Sugawara
AU  - Seiji Maeda
PY  - 2021
DA  - 2021/01/08
TI  - Central Blood Pressure in Young Kendo Athletes: Implications of Combined Anaerobic and Strength Training
JO  - Artery Research
SP  - 87
EP  - 92
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
SN  - 1876-4401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/artres.k.201225.001
DO  - 10.2991/artres.k.201225.001
ID  - Yoshioka2021
ER  -