Artery Research

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Volume 25, Issue 3-4, December 2019, Pages 107 - 112

Altered Central Hemodynamics in Individuals with Down Syndrome

Authors
Thessa Irena Maria Hilgenkamp1, 2, *, Elizabeth Cornellia Schroeder1, Sang Ouk Wee1, 3, Georgios Grigoriadis1, Alexander Jacob Rosenberg1, 4, Tracy Baynard1, Bo Fernhall1
1Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, AHSB (MC 517), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
2University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
3California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, CA, USA
4University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
*Corresponding author. Email: thessa.hilgenkamp@unlv.edu
Corresponding Author
Thessa Irena Maria Hilgenkamp
Received 30 November 2019, Accepted 30 November 2019, Available Online 24 December 2019.
DOI
10.2991/artres.k.191204.001How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Down syndrome; vascular function; sympathetic stimulus; autonomic nervous system
Abstract

Background: Individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) have autonomic dysfunction impacting regulation of heart rate, Blood Pressure (BP), and peripheral vasoconstriction. This may alter central hemodynamics through different wave reflections. We investigated central hemodynamics including wave reflection during rest and a sympathoexcitatory stimulus [Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP)] in individuals with DS and controls.

Methods: Radial applanation tonometry was performed on participants with and without DS before and during 5-min LBNP stimulus of −20 mmHg. Waveforms were calibrated to mean and diastolic BP. Generalized transfer function was used to estimate aortic pressures [Systolic Blood Pressure (aSBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (aDBP), mean pressure (aMAP), pulse pressure (aPP)], Augmentation Index (AIx), augmentation index normalized for HR (AIx@75), Augmentation Pressure (AP), Reflection Index (RIx), Time to Reflection (Tr), forward and reflected wave magnitude (Pf and Pb).

Results: Fifteen individuals with DS (male n = 12, age 24 ± 4 years, BMI 28 ± 5 kg/m2) and 16 control participants (male n = 12, age 24 ± 4 years, BMI 25 ± 5 kg/m2) participated. Baseline differences showed greater AP, higher AIx and AIx@75, a greater RIx, shorter Tr and larger Pb in individuals with DS (p < 0.05). In response to LBNP, interaction effects were observed for AIx, AIx@75, AP, RIx and Pb, due to reductions in the outcomes in response to LBNP for individuals with DS with no change in the controls.

Conclusion: These results show that central hemodynamics and wave reflections are different in individuals with DS at rest and in response to LBNP, probably as a result of anatomical differences and reduced peripheral vasoconstrictive control during LBNP.

HIGHLIGHTS

  • •

    Individuals with DS exhibit greater central hemodynamic load at rest.

  • •

    Individuals with DS have greater indices of wave reflections at rest.

  • •

    Individuals with DS maintained blood pressure during LBNP with reduced wave reflection.

Copyright
© 2019 Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology. Publishing services by Atlantis Press International B.V.
Open Access
This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

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<Previous Article In Issue
Next Article In Issue>
Journal
Artery Research
Volume-Issue
25 - 3-4
Pages
107 - 112
Publication Date
2019/12/24
ISSN (Online)
1876-4401
ISSN (Print)
1872-9312
DOI
10.2991/artres.k.191204.001How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2019 Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology. Publishing services by Atlantis Press International B.V.
Open Access
This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thessa Irena Maria Hilgenkamp
AU  - Elizabeth Cornellia Schroeder
AU  - Sang Ouk Wee
AU  - Georgios Grigoriadis
AU  - Alexander Jacob Rosenberg
AU  - Tracy Baynard
AU  - Bo Fernhall
PY  - 2019
DA  - 2019/12/24
TI  - Altered Central Hemodynamics in Individuals with Down Syndrome
JO  - Artery Research
SP  - 107
EP  - 112
VL  - 25
IS  - 3-4
SN  - 1876-4401
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/artres.k.191204.001
DO  - 10.2991/artres.k.191204.001
ID  - Hilgenkamp2019
ER  -