Proceedings of the International Renewable Energy Storage Conference (IRES 2022)

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Control Concepts for a Decentralized Battery Management System to Optimize Reliability and Battery Operation

Authors
Andrea Reindl1, 3, *, Lars Eriksson2, Michael Niemetz1, Sangyoung Park3, Hans Meier1
1Industrial Electronics, Department Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technical University of Applied Sciences Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
2Vehicular Systems, Department Electrical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
3Smart Mobility Systems, Department Mechanical Engineering and Transportation, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
*Corresponding author. Email: andreareindl@ieee.org
Corresponding Author
Andrea Reindl
Available Online 25 May 2023.
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-156-2_26How to use a DOI?
Keywords
Renewable energy sources; battery management system; second life battery; decentralized control; distributed control; control strategies; droop control; battery optimal operation
Abstract

Battery systems are used in a wide range of safety-relevant applications, such as electric vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles and home storage systems. Safety, reliability and availability of the battery system therefore play a key role. In addition, the useful service lifetime of the batteries determines the environmental impact and economic efficiency of the overall system. One possible solution is to give batteries a second life in applications with lower requirements in terms of dynamic behavior or capacity. Heterogeneous battery systems consist of batteries with differences in cell technology, age, capacity, and optimal operating range. To meet the safety, reliability, and availability requirements a scalable, Decentralized Battery Management System (DBMS) based on a distributed control system is proposed. Batteries, generators, and loads have Local Control Units (LCUs) consisting of a microcontroller, a measurement unit, and a DC/DC converter with adjustable voltage and current limits. These LCUs are the basis for the communication-based, cooperative system control and enhance the reliability and scalability of the battery system compared to conventional centralized structures. They record and manage the operating parameters and provide the basis for predictive energy management and battery residual value estimation. As a fallback strategy, a droop-based control of the DC/DC converters is used in addition to the communication-based one. Transition conditions between the control modes are defined and the control methods are compared and differentiated. The performance and the resulting benefits of batteries are determined by the control strategies. In this paper, the requirements for the control strategies for different operating modes, including startup, severe fluctuations of the DC power line voltage, and safe shutdown, are analyzed.

Copyright
© 2023 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

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Volume Title
Proceedings of the International Renewable Energy Storage Conference (IRES 2022)
Series
Atlantis Highlights in Engineering
Publication Date
25 May 2023
ISBN
10.2991/978-94-6463-156-2_26
ISSN
2589-4943
DOI
10.2991/978-94-6463-156-2_26How to use a DOI?
Copyright
© 2023 The Author(s)
Open Access
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits any noncommercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

Cite this article

risenwbib
TY  - CONF
AU  - Andrea Reindl
AU  - Lars Eriksson
AU  - Michael Niemetz
AU  - Sangyoung Park
AU  - Hans Meier
PY  - 2023
DA  - 2023/05/25
TI  - Control Concepts for a Decentralized Battery Management System to Optimize Reliability and Battery Operation
BT  - Proceedings of the International Renewable Energy Storage  Conference (IRES 2022)
PB  - Atlantis Press
SP  - 401
EP  - 421
SN  - 2589-4943
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-156-2_26
DO  - 10.2991/978-94-6463-156-2_26
ID  - Reindl2023
ER  -